2018年4月24日星期二

余祥钟:英文版新书《Fallen Heroes》Prologue

注:余祥钟先生是中国抗日国军后裔。他的英文版新书《Fallen Heroes》向西方世界介绍了中国抗日国军在第二次世界大战中浴血奋战而发挥的重要作用,揭穿了中共篡改历史欺世盗名的真相,并以此向当年用血肉之躯和巨大的牺牲的国军致敬。
http://astorage.blogspot.com.au/2017/09/blog-post_24.html

以下是余祥钟先生授权发表的该书的序言。


Fallen Heroes》 Prologue


I am a descendant of the WWII Chinese Defense Force. My father was a middle ranking artillery officer, but he did not live long enough to tell me his story. I learnt that his first battle with the Japanese army was in 1932 in the 1st Battle of Shanghai. At that time, he was Captain and commanding an artillery Company, and I knew this part of his history only from a book written by a professor who often visited the 2nd National Archives in Nanjing and found the battle report filed by my father. A copy of this report was presented to me by the 2nd Archives in Nanjing China in 2015. However, this book, “The Fallen Heroes”, is not only about my  father but all his colleagues who fought bravely to defend the country against the Japanese aggression during the Sino Japanese War of 1937-1945.
Nearly 71 years ago, in the evening of July 7, 1937, an incidence  between the Chinese Army and Japanese Army on the Marco Polo Bridge near Beijing eventually developed into a full scale war and lasted more than 8 years. The Chinese suffered enormous loss of life in the war. Moreover, its newly established economy was completely destroyed, social and family systems broken down, the infrastructure ruined. All hope to build a modern new China from the ancient medieval country had faded away.
Amongst this backdrop of despair, the Chinese soldiers fought on and refused to surrender or give up the fight, and continued to fight the battles until the final victory came. However, during the war, numerous unfavourable media, diplomatic and political comments were made against the Chinese Defense Force. These reports are now proved to be wrong, and we understand that most of comments were based on the biased view or politically motivated innuendos and left wings.
Even 70 years later, these wrong comments are still doing damage. It is hard to find a book whose contents praised the Chinese soldiers,  those very soldiers who had made such a large sacrifice to protect humanity, the dignity and the pride of their nation. These Chinese soldiers bravely battled a formidable enemy for a very long time with only their bodies, blood and flesh and rudimentary equipment.
This book aims to pay tribute to their sacrifice, and calls for the respect and recognition of the significant role that they played in World War II. The sacrifice of the WWII Chinese Defence Force (國軍) deserves better treatment than what has to date been received. There are still unfair and untrue comments which damage their reputation, especially in the western world.
The current Chinese Government in Beijing (Communist Party) took the advantage of making the false claim that the final victory of the Sino Japanese War belonged entirely to them. False information has been used to brainwash the younger generation, and the true history of events have been suppressed. Old veterans are gagged and I call out that this is a crime against human nature, to falsify history and  disrespect of the sacrifice of the human beings who gave their life to protect us.
Certainly, we cannot fight the misinformation on the Communist Party’s turf, but we are still able to keep the truth in other places of the world. I hope that the children of over 100 million overseas Chinese may have the opportunity in the future to find out that their ancestors were the true heroes who saved China from becoming the slave of Japanese Empire during the 2nd Sino Japanese War.
In 2014 when I was in Hong Kong, I made considerable effort to visit the owner of the SunTV, Mr. Chen Ping, and persuaded him to have their popular Chinese language documentary program “The Fallen Heroes 國殤" to be converted into an English edition. I offered to translate the documentary into English as a free service. It took me almost one year to rewrite the script into English, and I also found an Australian partner, Mr. Don Spencer, of the Down Under Studio, and Mr. Allen Locker as Narrator, Therefore, the English version of the Fallen Heroes was then accomplished.
I cannot adequately express the sense of shame and pain that a soldier is not given the honour that deserve, especially, when he has  made such a huge sacrifice, given his life to protect his fellow citizens, and collectively fought to prevent his country from becoming another nation's slave. These individual soldiers deserve to receive respect and honour.
Sadly, that is not the case for the members of WWII Chinese Defense Force (國軍). Instead, as I learnt from mainland China, their brave stories were forgotten, their monuments were destroyed, the surviving veterans were prevented from telling their stories, and even be forced to acknowledge that the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) took  the credit for their hard earned WWII victory.
As a descendant of the Chinese WWII soldier, I will not be silenced. It is important to find the truth in the history. That is why, when I watched the Chinese vision of the Fallen Heroes, I decided to trace my father's story along with all his colleagues during the 2nd Sino Japanes War. I wish that the descendants of WWII Chinese Defense Force would do the same, to search your ancestor’s history, reinstate the honour and the pride to them.
I negotiated with Australia  RSL to allow us to form a team to participate in the annual ANZAC DAY MARCH in Sydney since 2014. This hopefully is a wakeup call to the Chinese people that they should not continue to ignore their ancestors’ contribution to the WWII and to their country, and to install pride and the honour to their ancestors that they deserve.

This book is a brief statement of what really happened during the long war with Japanese Army in China. So do not be misled further by the current Chinese regime who did very little to help the progress of the war at that time, and also by Japan who started the war and finally lost the war entirely. Be yourself again to face the truth and the real history.

Notes:
1: Be aware of the confusion: The Chinese Defense Force, (國軍 pronounced as Guojun), means the Chinese National Army during the WWII. This army was under the Dep. of Defense of Chinese Government (the Republic of China), and all the orders and publications were issued by the name of DOD (author has the documents to prove it). They were not a branch of the political party, the Kuomintang (KMT 國民党). Although the KMT existed within the Army but they did not issue the order to direct the military activities. This is a different from the Red Army, now PLA. The CCP (Chinese Community Party) direct controls the Red Army through their CCP commissioner.
However, during the war, the western media always referred to the Chinese Defense Force as the Chinese Nationalist Army, intentionally or not, which downgrades the importance of the independent nature of the Chinese Defense Force. This term seems to imply that of the army of a political party, giving the term a similar status as the Red Army. The Current CCP Government in China took advantage of this and  taught their children that the Chinese Defense Force was the Army of KMT. This is wrong, misleading and created confusion.
2: In the 2nd Sino Japanese War (Bā nián kàngzhàn 八年抗戰), the Chinese Army of the Chinese Defense Force engaged more than 40,000 battles (38931 divisional engagements, 1117 Army scale battles of over 100,000 men, and 22 large scale battles involving over 500,000 men. In the long 8 years (3970 days), on average, more than 10 divisions per day engaged in battle with the Japanese Army, However, the critics said that the Chinese Nationalist Army did not do the battles. How wrong this is! During the 8 years of war, Chinese Army suffered 3.2 million casualties,  which included the death of 261 generals, 17,000 high ranking officers and others. The list continues to grow as more details of the war are revealed.

2018年4月6日星期五

中美贸易战——美国对华政策的第二次“门户开放”(深度)

2018-04-05 網絡文章 

2018年3月22日,特朗普政府宣布“因知识产权侵权问题对中国商品征收500亿美元关税,并实施投资限制”。并在白宫签署了对中国输美产品征收关税的总统备忘录;
2018年3月23日,中国商务部发布了针对美国钢铁和铝产品232措施的中止减让产品清单,拟对自美进口部分产品加征关税。
很多研究者认为,这标志着新一轮中美贸易战的开启。
01
中美贸易战的背景
据美国商务部统计,2015年美国对中国出口1161亿美元,从中国进口4832亿美元,美方贸易逆差3671亿美元。2016年不包含12月份,美国对中国出口1041亿美元,从中国进口4234亿美元,美方贸易逆差3192亿美元。

美国对中国的贸易逆差自从中国加入WTO后的第一年,2002年就突破1000亿美元,十几年如一地每年都在几千亿美元。

特朗普认为中美两国之间的贸易是不公平不公正的,他认为中国一面操纵汇率,一面国家补贴亏损对美倾销。他认为中国一直在坐美国的顺风车。
02
何为“门户开放”政策?
(John Hay, U.S. Secretary of State)

我们先回到一百多年前的1899年3月,那时正是义和团闹得最凶的时候,恍惚一下,历史是否与现实总有几分神似之处?……美国国务卿海·约翰(JOHN HAY)给他的纽约的朋友保罗·达拿(PAUL DANA)写了一封密函,阐述了他的对华政策思路:“……我们当然反对肢解那个帝国(中国),而且我们也不认为美国的公众舆论将会支持这个政府加入目前正在进行的惊人的掠夺游戏。同时我们意识到了保护我们在那个帝国的巨大商业利益的重要性……。

1899年9月6日,海·约翰就“门户开放”政策第一次照会德、俄、英、法、意、日各国,要求各国没有例外地遵守中国标准,在相互平等的基础跟中国做生意,其要点如下:
“第一,承认任何国家不得通过任何手段干涉在中国应有的任何通商口岸、租借地或所谓‘势力范围’内的任何法定利益。

  第二,中国现行协定关税应对一切货物,不论属于哪个国家,不论陆运还是海运到所谓‘势力范围’内的所有港口都适用。其税款应由中国政府征收。

  第三,‘势力范围’内的任何港口对别国船只所征收的港口税,不能高于本国船只;在‘势力范围’内由其国修建、经营和管理的铁路上,其他国家公民与该国公民在同样距离运输同种货物时,应收取相同的费用。”
尽管各国对美国照会的反应消极冷淡,1900年3月20日,美国国务卿海·约翰还是先斩后奏地正式照会各国:“门户开放政策即日起生效。

“门户开放”政策是美国在华对其他西方列强的外交政策,并不是一项针对中国的政策,并不是美国要求中国开放门户,而是针对意在瓜分中国的德、俄、英、法、意、日等国,要求这些列强在他们所占领的在华租借地和势力范围内实行门户开放,不能搞贸易壁垒,并向这些国家提出的公平对华贸易的要求,即要求这些国家在一律平等的基础上跟中国做生意。

海·约翰提出的“门户开放”政策的高明之处在于,它在德、俄、英、法、意、日等国之间形成了一个相互制衡、相互钳制、自我约束的机制,使各列强都不能够干扰和妨碍别国在华的商业利益,使各列强在顾及自己的利益时不得不受这一机制的制约。

诚然,海·约翰推出“门户开发”政策虽然是为美国商业利益的考虑而制定的,但是在当时的历史环境下,“门户开放”的最大受益者却是中国

“门户开放”不仅削弱了列强国家在中国的势力范围和在中国贸易上各自为政的情况,最重要的是帮助中国从列强手中收回了从《南京条约》签订后失去的关税自主权,使所有国家都遵守中国政府制定的统一关税率,保证了中国的关税收入,中国在对外贸易方面由绝对的被动地位变为相对独立的主动地位,维护了中国的经济自主权,削弱了各列强瓜分中国的先决条件。

搞了几十年“以夷制夷”外交策略也没有成功的李鸿章做梦也没有想到海·约翰依靠美国的实力成功地在中国一夜之间搞成了“以夷制夷”。
03
稳定完整的中国是符合美国利益
1900年8月14日,八国联军占领北京。

10月22日,海·约翰再次致德、法、英、意、俄、日、奥等七国政府的外交照会,这便是第三次“门户开放”的照会。

第三次“门户开放”的照会再次强调了美国政府“保持中国的领土完整和行政完整”的立场。

在战后的和约和庚子赔款谈判中,美国的对华政策都是“保持中国的领土完整和行政完整”这一思路的继续和延续。这一思路简单地来说即是,美国政府从刚确立的对华“门户开放”政策出发,认为一个稳定完整的中国是符合美国利益的。

“一个稳定完整的中国是符合美国利益的”这是美国历届政府对华政策的基石,尼克松和后来美国历届政府所谓的“一个中国”的政策只不过是海·约翰百年前对华政策的延续。

之所以不厌其烦地讲海·约翰的“门户开放”,是因为任何历史都是当代史,当代史就是历史。决定历史的关键性力量是经济,经济的波动就是历史走向的最大逻辑。所谓的国际关系,就是不同人种之间的贸易和贸易背后的资本,一切大国博弈的最终目标就是趋向有利于己的贸易顺差,贸易顺差就是国际间财富分配的资本流。国际关系中的一切政治、经济、军事、科技和文化都是为财富分配的手段。经济问题的核心就是财富分配,财富分配决定着国家、民族和国际关系的各个层面的阶级矛盾和阶级斗争,民族矛盾和民族斗争,国际关系矛盾和国际关系的斗争。
04
美国对华政策的“第二次门户开放”

中美贸易,根据美国商务部的统计,从1985年美方开始出现6亿美元的逆差,1995年美方逆差为337亿美元,2005年上升到2022亿美元,2015年美方贸易逆差达到惊人的3671亿美元,2016最新数据不包含12月的是3192亿美元逆差。从1985年到2016年,美国对中国的贸易逆差总数为43350亿美元。

一个国家30年如一,财富持续性的流向另外一个意识形态与自己完全相反的国家,而且在国际事务中处处与自己作对。如果这事发生在中国,就是最大的卖国行为。幸运地是这事发生在美国,即使在美国,新当选的总统特朗普和他的班子也会叫它“最大的政治不正确”。

那么会怎样?均势是不稳定态中相对最好的稳定态。按照这个逻辑,特朗普和他的班子对中国的核心政策将是“第二次门户开放”。

现在的国际秩序是二战雅尔塔协议的产物和延伸,雅尔塔协议建立了战后两套国际秩序,即美苏各自为核心的经济和政治秩序。冷战的结局是苏联这套经济和政治秩序的崩溃,美国把尼克松和毛泽东破冰后的中国一把拉入了以美国主导的国际经济体系,但是中国的意识形态脱胎于苏联,身子上了美国人的船,脑袋还被夹在苏联,这在政治上与美国是无法相容的。所以中国在美国的这套经济和政治秩序中是身脑分离,脑体倒挂的。中国目前就是这么一个混沌的体系,中国把这个馄饨的体系叫着“中国模式”。

中美贸易,美国持续开闸防水了30年,43350亿美元的贸易逆差在美国主导的这个经济和政治体系里造就出了一个庞然大物般的“中国模式”。没想到特朗普把“中国模式”看穿了,就是借美国的资本赚美国的钱,然后搞政治上的突围,“一带一路”撬动欧亚大板块,挑战美国的海权和陆权。

从经济波动就是历史走向的最大逻辑上来讲,特朗普一定要让流出去的水回流,一定要逼迫中国开放市场,和海·约翰不同的是,海·约翰是要德、俄、英、法、意、日列强在他们所占领的在华租借地和势力范围内门户开放,100多年后,特朗普是要那个昔日的大清、现在的世界第二大经济体开放门户。他要逼迫中国开放农产品市场、电信市场、能源市场、金融和保险市场,等等一切能开放的市场都得开,来平衡美国流出的43350亿美元的贸易逆差。但是,这里有个最大的但是,中国市场开放的最后一定会涉及到一个最大的问题,就是中国体制的TO BE OR NOT TO BE的问题。许多中国人觉得与己无关,其实息息相关。

世界上最大的黑天鹅,它的名字叫着“不确定性”(Uncertainty)。“不确定性”的不可测就是未来最大的风险。中美关系目前就处于这种“不确定性”之中。

对于未来中美关系的这种“不确定性”,有一个人看出了其中的玄机,他就是Paypal的创始人、国际象棋天才彼得·蒂尔(Peter Thiel),他是唯一支持特朗普的硅谷大佬,可能将是后续索罗斯的投资界最大的思想家。

彼得·蒂尔在他的一本书《从0到1》中写道:“美国人看见中国的经济迅猛增长,便认为中国是一个自信能够掌握自己未来的国家……其他国家都害怕中国将要统治整个世界,而中国是唯一一个认为自己不会统治世界的国家。”(《从0到1》,中文本,第87页)

他还继续写道:“老一辈中国人孩童时都经历过饥荒,由此展望未来时,总会考虑到天灾。中国公众也知道‘冬天’来临。局外人着迷于中国内部的巨大财富,但他们没有注意到,富有的中国人正努力把自己的财产转移出国,贫穷一些的则能省就省,以求储备充足。中国各阶层人士都对未来严阵以待”。

彼得·蒂尔洞穿了,即中国疲于解决自身的问题。中国自身的问题有多大?历史学家唐德刚说,中国的问题大于慈禧、孙中山、袁世凯、蒋介石、毛泽东和邓小平之和。这个之和就是利益J团设计和制造的国家陷阱,是悠久的历史留下的思维定式,是个自身难以摆脱的周期律。
最後向一直幫助我做公眾號,在生活上照顧我的太太,表示感謝,為她的日本主婦小店做個廣告🙏



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